Full-Range Leadership Model Essay - 1056 Words

In this essay I will explain how the Full-Range Leadership Model (FRLM) concepts apply to the safety situation on XYZ Air Base. I will tell how I would apply these concepts to conduct team-building within the Safety office and across the base to address the serious safety problems. Lastly, I will formulate an action plan for the Wing Commander, so she can more effectively combat the alarming trends on base. Capt Matthews has let the safety situation on base slip for too long. The issue is not his lack of desire to fix it; rather it is his lack of leadership to motivate his Safety office and get them working together towards a common goal. It is clear to me that Capt Matthews displays some characteristics associated with†¦show more content†¦Lt Johnson would play a key role in pulling the office together. He needs to understand that his apathetic attitude is causing problems. He is an officer and needs to act accordingly. I would make sure that he understands he nee ds to be 100% committed to the safety mission, even if he would rather be flying. According to the FRLM, this would be â€Å"idealized influence†, an attribute of transformational leadership. This concept highlights the need to do the right thing for the good of the mission. Having Lt Johnson be seen as a leader, rather than just buying his time in the office while he dreams of flying will make him much more useful. I will to need to inspire and motivate my workers to turn things around. The concept of â€Å"inspirational motivation†, an attribute of the FRLM would help in achieving this goal. I would hope to inspire, and set a clearly defined mission for the Safety shop. It is important for my shop to understand what our goals are and clearly define how I intend to accomplish these goals. I would also apply characteristics of a transactional leader in accomplishing our goals. The â€Å"management by exception- active† approach would be successful in dealing with this situation. I would choose this approach because the Safety office is not used to working together. They would need supervision as well as intervention until they began to workShow MoreRelatedThe Full Range Leadership Development Model1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe Full Range Leadership Development Model at a Glance If you were to go to your local university’s library and look up the topic of leadership you would find hundreds of books on the topic. A similar search through journal articles and online publications would produce hundreds of thousands of results. The topic of leadership is something that has been greatly researched throughout the years. This writing is intended to research one of the models developed as a result of some of that researchRead MoreThe Full-Range Leadership Model Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesThe Full-Range Leadership Model (FRLM) describes several approaches to leadership behavior, ranging from passive or non-leadership (laissez-faire) to transactional and transformational leadership theories. This paper analyzes how the FRLM concepts apply to an existing safety concern and demonstrates how these concepts will be employed to conduct team building across the wing to address the traffic-accident trend. Additionally, this paper will identify the additional in formation that is needed toRead MoreApplying the Full-Range Leadership Model Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesFull-Range Leadership Model Essay Capt Dee â€Å"SpeeDee† Randolph SOS 2010G C-35 27 Sep 2010 Safety First is a phrase most have heard throughout their career, but what impact does that have when there is an increase of safety incidents on base? Newly appointed safety officers inherit any outstanding safety challenges as well as any benchmark programs that brings safety to light. However, if the program is broken the safety officer must utilize the skills harbored within assigned personnel to makeRead MoreEssay about Full-Range Leadership Model 1028 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will explain how Full-Range Leadership Model (FRLM) concepts apply to the current safety situation as well as how I plan to employ these concepts to conduct team-building within the safety office and across the wing to address the traffic-accident trend. Additionally, I will identify the information my team will need to address this trend and our desired goals and measurements we will use to reverse it. To begin, it is readily apparent that there is a trend of off-base automobile accidentsRead MoreAnalysis of Wing Safety Using Full-Range Leadership Model Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesChief of the Wing Safety office this is my number #1 priority. I cannot solve this problem alone and will rely heavily on my team. This paper will explain how I analyzed the current environment using the Full-Range Leadership Model (FRLM) as well my plan to build them back up using the same model. Additionally, I will detail my plan that will address the safety issue and establish goal setting milestones which will help us achieve our objective. After sitting down with each member of the WingRead MoreLeadership Theory And Situational Leadership1621 Words   |  7 PagesAS 301 30 October 2015 Midterm Paper Leadership is one of the human traits that are looked up to the most. When a task is at hand many people look around for someone to lead them and take charge. Leadership has been a part of The Air Force since it was created in 1947. Recently more emphasis and researching went into leadership and scholars provided leadership theories. Two of the theories are the Full Range Leadership model and the Situational Leadership model. Both of these theories provide ideasRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Implications Of Psychopathic Personality Traits For Successful And Unsuccessful Political Leadership1312 Words   |  6 Pages (2012). Fearless dominance and the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic Personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 489-505. Lilienfeld et al., (2010) examined the attentiveness of psychopathic personality traits that aligned with job performance and leadership of the past presidents including George W. Bush, whereas their successful or unsuccessful behaviors were a matter of public records. The descriptionRead MoreFull Range Leadership1099 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Bruce Avolio, â€Å"What we have clearly learned is that leaders who can balance transactional and transformational leadership across time, situations, and challenges are the most effective† (Avolio 2011, 49). â€Å"People have a greater sense of ownership at the highest levels in terms of identification and are willing to provide the extra effort needed to succeed† (Avolio 2011, 49). Yet, Rusty Ricketson wrote, â€Å"Those who embrace the followerfirst perspective are not dependent on titles orRead MoreThe Wing Safety Office At Xyz Afb913 Words   |  4 PagesFull Range Leadership Model Essay Introduction An organization’s efficiency and effectiveness can be solely traced to its leader. When a team within in an organization is found to be at fault, it is a leader’s duty to turn it around. In this particular case, the Wing Safety Office at XYZ AFB needs to rebuild its team into a cohesive unit in order to successfully attack the safety issues distressing the base. Among other noted events, their highlighted failures lie within the high rate of off baseRead MoreThe Impact Of Transactional Leadership On The United States Department Of The Air Force1321 Words   |  6 Pagesnearly as high and human life is not routinely at risk. The United States Department of the Air Force actually teaches FRLD to Non-Commissioned Officers as they prepare for greater leadership responsibilities. In the Air Force Professional Development Guide they teach the following when on the topic. This leadership behavior ensures leaders keep personnel and process in control. They monitor and govern subordinates through forced compliance with rules, regulations and expectations for meeting performance

[Writer Name] [Supervisor Name] [Subject] [Date] History...

[Writer Name] [Supervisor Name] [Subject] [Date] History of the English Language and some of the many Factors that have influenced its Evolution Language is surely the most influential form of communication. It is the most powerful instrument an individual can have. By definition, language is the use voice sounds by human beings, organized in order to express and communicate thoughts and feelings. It is what has shaped our society into what it has become today, what has allowed our civilization to excel and progress into what is now modern day. Language has allowed the individual to communicate within a group as well as within him in order to accomplish many goals. Language gives us a means by which we can organize our ideas and†¦show more content†¦And semantic indeterminacy is the ether of attitude of language. It fills the interstices of our intentions and pervades accounts of presupposition, tense, fiction, translation, and especially, elusiveness. Language is primar ily formed through the interaction of people. This interaction could be of any nature, but in today’s world when English is undoubtedly the universal language, external factors play a pivotal role in English language’s evolution. Therefore, it would be imperative to look at the influences of these factors on the English language. The English language of today reflects many centuries of development (Naomi 24). The political and social events that have in the course of English history so profoundly affected the English people in their national life have generally had a recognizable effect on their language. The Christianizing of Britain brought England into contact with Latin civilization and made significant additions to our vocabulary. The Scandinavian invasions resulted in a considerable mixture of the two races and their languages. The Norman Conquest made English for two centuries the language mainly of the lower classes, while the nobles and those associated wit h them used French on almost all occasions (Baugh 2). And when English once more regained supremacy as the language of all elements of the population, it greatly changed in both form and vocabulary from what it had been in the 11th century.Show MoreRelatedOn Job Training Report3246 Words   |  13 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background The job training is an obligatory subject for all seventh semester students in English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. They must fulfill 100 hours or about one month to do job training in the chosen institution or company. The job training program is an activity done by the students to get experiences in subjects in the real work world. The job training which is done by students in a company or an institution should be the in line with theRead MoreThe Boy Who Paint Christ Black1018 Words   |  5 PagesMACARTHUR SCHOOL OF LEADERSHIP Course Number and Title: Academic English 2 Submitted To: Professor’s name: Kate de Vega Submitted By: Student’s Name: Jacques Jeune Student’s Email Address: jacquesjeune@pba.edu Date of Submission: 12/12/2012 Title of Assignment: APA CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper. This paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, or words, eitherRead More3521 Unit 1 Essay example10967 Words   |  44 PagesELC3521 Professional Communication in English Unit 1 Planning project proposals Unit 1 Planning project proposals Learning outcomes At the end of the unit, you will be able to: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ plan and organise project proposals explain the background, objectives and method of a project refer to the literature to justify a project proposal use appropriate language in project proposals Introduction Part of the work involved in a research project is the writing of the project proposal. The proposal isRead MoreMga Uri Ng Pagsulat5939 Words   |  24 Pages  February 27, 1990       Introduction Transpiration is the evaporation of water particles from plant surfaces, especially from the surface openings, or stomates, on leaves.   Stomatal transpiration accounts for most of the water loss by a plant, but some direct evaporation also takes place through the surfaces of the epidermal cells of the leaves. The amount of water given off depends somewhat upon how much water the roots of the plant have absorbed.   It also depends upon such environmental conditionsRead MoreIdioms in Newspaper Style7428 Words   |  30 Pagesof foreign languages 3th coarse, 4th group Student: Grigoryan Victoria Supervisor: Nina Mnatsakanyan Yerevan 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Chapter 1: Idiom, general characteristics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..5 Chapter 2: Newspaper style †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.23 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦25 INTRODUCTION Today the English language is widely spoken throughout the world. It is the language of 21st centuryRead MoreExam Malpractice3683 Words   |  15 Pagesquestions that this write up is out to tackle. To make this write up easy to understand and less ambiguous, we shall begin by defining some key terms used. 1.1 Definition of terms Examination According to the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, an examination is formal written, spoken of college, to see how much one knows about a subject one can do. According to Ade Kate (1993), examination are assessment of knowledge both in skills and specific area of students and overallRead MoreCultural Analysis For Doing Business8067 Words   |  33 Pagesthis paper, while adding some unique attributes to this paper as well. Anyone wishing to conduct business in Ireland, want to find out about Irish people, or have an interest in traveling to Ireland, will learn all they need to know while reading through this paper. Keywords: Ireland, culture, business, U.S. Global Business Cultural Analysis: Ireland Ireland is a little, autonomous nation situated in northwestern Europe. The nation s official name is the Republic of IrelandRead MoreMens Rea The Writing Style and Feminism of Lakambini Sitoy7010 Words   |  29 PagesMENS REA: THE WRITING STYLE AND FEMINISM OF LAKAMBINI SITOY A Thesis Design presented to Dr. Lito Diones, Ed. D. Of the Graduate School of Literature, Communication, and Other Languages School of Arts and Sciences Cebu Normal University In Partial Fulfillment of Lit 4007 Masterpieces of Filipino Writers Farina Dianne C. Abella October 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii ABSTRACTRead MoreSharon Construction7271 Words   |  30 Pagesemployment-growth potential, assess writing during hiring.† Consequently the Writing in the Disciplines (WID) program was developed ― a comprehensive curriculum which spans the various schools. There are WID classes in the Schools of Engineering, Psychology, History, Interior Design, and yes, The School of Business Administration. Regardless of the school, the WID charter calls for focus on four goals. 1. Writing throughout the term. WID courses are not writing courses, they are writing intensive coursesRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pages4 IV. Language, Tone, and Voice ................................................................................................. 5 Sample Statements of Purpose ........................................................................................................ 8 I. Social Sciences ........................................................................................................................ 8 Education: Teaching English as a Second or Other Language (TESOL)—non-native English Speaker

What are the differences between Absorption costing and ABC Free Essays

Introduction Absorption costing is the process which charges fixed and variable overheads to individual cost units. This means that it takes into account all costs incurred in the production of the product; they are absorbed. Activity based costing (ABC) however, assigns manufacturing overhead costs to activities and processes in the business. We will write a custom essay sample on What are the differences between Absorption costing and ABC? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It therefore gives a more accurate costing to individual cost units (products) but it is more timely and therefore more expensive. Therefore it depends on the company as to which method they would implement. Expenses such as salaries, rent and other indirect costs are therefore able to be taken into account when costing a product. An activity is a task that occurs over a period that consumes resources (e.g. raw materials and electricity) in a bid to transform inputs (e.g. labour) into outputs (the final product). There is also another widely used costing method: Marginal costing. This method treats fixed costs as period costs. Costing is important to a company as it helps with budgeting, but mainly so that they can ‘cost’ up the price to make a product or a batch of products. Without costing, a company would not be able to give an accurate cost price and therefore final retail price as they wouldn’t know much it costs them to make the product. What are the differences between Absorption costing and ABC? There are two main methods of costing, absorption and activity based costing. There are some vital differences between the two and so the pros and cons of each must be taken into account to assess the suitability of each method. The main difference is that ABC takes more than one cost driver into account, meaning that the final costing figure is more accurate than when using the standard absorption method, for example if a company made two similar products; product 1, which is a low volume item that requires many machine setups, more testing, and special engineering tasks and product 2, which is a high volume item that requires minimal setups and special operations, and is running continuously. If we were to apply the traditional absorption costing method, it would use the machine hours as the cost driver, and so product 2 would incur massively higher costs, due to it using the most machine hours, even though product one required far more additional activities, setups, and testing. This shows how the traditional method is not appropriate when a company produces multiple products/services that require very different inputs. ABC is a more accurate system for assigning costs to products, as it traces all activities and assigns them to products by using multiple cost drivers. It also allocates the usage of common business resources to each product, again by the use of cost drivers such as labour hours. It is also useful for identifying products/services that are too costly to be profitable; although they may seem to be generating a profit, they actually use up far too many resources to be profitable. However, there are disadvantages to this method; high volumes of specific data must be accurately collected, which could prove to be extremely time consuming. It can also itself incur costs, as it would be fairly costly to implement. Absorption costing also has its advantages over ABC; it is far easier to implement and run as it requires less volume of data and only takes a few cost drivers into account, normally machine/labour hours. However, disadvantages include the fact that it doesn’t take into account any indirect costs such as administration and distribution costs; it focuses on the fixed and variable costs. Also, is does not differentiate between fixed and variable costs, therefore the final costing can sometimes be inaccurate. It is also very difficult for management to make decisions based on the costing figures as they may not be accurate enough for the managers to make an informed, concise decision. What steps would the company need to take if it was to introduce an ABC For the company to introduce an ABC system, some careful planning and procedures must be put into place for it to be implemented correctly. The company must identify all the main activities in the business. An activity is the grouping of small units of work or tasks. An example of an activity would be the purchasing of materials and the tasks involved would be preparing the purchase orders, identifying supplier etc. The activities can be identified using activity analysis. Such analysis would identify how the work space is being used and the payroll listings. These two would give the company an initial idea of the activities involved. Also, interviews with employees would be undertaken establishing questions like how they use their time. These all would help establish different activities. They can be grouped into larger generalised activities as it would prove costly and time consuming to have each individual activity as opposed to a general one. This is called an activity cost cent re. An activity cost centre is normally a department. Costs must then be assigned to activity cost centres. The costs of resources consumed such as labour hours must be established; the overhead costs such as lighting would be shared by other activities. The apportionment of these overhead costs must be undertaken to ‘split’ the indirect costs and assign them to activity cost centres. Appropriate cost drivers would then need to be chosen for assigning the cost of activities to each of the cost objects. A cost object in the case of this company would be the services that it provides. The three main cost drivers would be transaction, duration and intensity drivers. The final stage in implementing an ABC would be to assign the cost of activities to the services the company provides. This involves applying the cost driver rates to the services it provides. This is why the cost drivers must be measurable, or else there wouldn’t be a way of quantifying the data. The direct costs must also be factored into each of the services. This will then give final costs for each of the services the company provides. Describe and explain the differences between: an allocation an apportionment Absorption rates. Allocation is the process of assigning overheads that are directly linked to the activity cost centre whereas apportionment is used where the overheads cannot be directly linked to the activity cost centre and have to be shared between several of them. An example of a cost that would be allocated would be raw materials and an overhead that would be apportioned would be lighting costs for the offices. The absorption rate however, predetermines the fixed and variable costs to each of the activity cost centres. I would suggest that the company uses the ABC costing method as opposed to the absorption method. I have come to this conclusion as a result of the following research undertaken below. Because the company provides various services to government bodies, each one is different and is tailored to suit each job. Therefore, the company doesn’t produce a generic service, and so ABC would be more suitable. If they were to implement an absorption costing method, costs would not be charged to each job accurately; it would only be based upon one cost driver, which I would assume would be the time it takes to produce and provide the service. This however would not be the case, as they would have to take into consideration other cost drivers such as hours of research undertaken and amount of data needed to be collected. Refernces http://tutor2u.net/business/presentations/accounts/absorptioncosting/default.html http://www.accountingcoach.com/online-accounting-course/35Xpg01.html http://www.answers.com/topic/activity-based-costing http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/publications/ftat_user_guide/sec5.htm http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/what-is-the-difference-between-allocation-and-apportionment/ http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/absorption-rate.html How to cite What are the differences between Absorption costing and ABC?, Essay examples

Reformalisation of Industrial Relations †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reformalisation of Industrial Relations. Answer: Introduction: The following assessment is directed towards the critical analysis of the implications derived from the inquiry report on 7 Eleven stores. The primary inferences that could be derived from the inquiry report presented explicit references to the bargaining structures evident in the Australian Employment Relations system and non-union forms of employee representation. The issues identified in the outcomes of the inquiry report are profoundly observed in context of health and safety, information and consultation, collective bargaining and workforce agreements (Ackers, 2016). Non-union representation of employees at workplace would be reflective of the provision of regulations that allow representatives to perform their duties, acquire training and facilities required to promote the interests of the workforce that is not included in the union. While research studies indicate that majority of employees prefer involvement in unions, some employees are excluded from unions on the grounds of specific precedents such as foreign origin (Addison, 2015). The cases of foreign students and franchisees under direct control observed in the inquiry report reflect on the crucial elements of inequalities of payment for employees and discrimination on the grounds of foreign origin. The monitoring of the documentation of payroll and benefit provision by the 7 Eleven Stores in its franchises dictates the lack of opportunities for non-unionised workforce to represent themselves (Belizn, et al., 2014). The representatives employed by the organization for employee forums voluntarily could be able to address the issues identified from the inquiry report through assistance from employees which would help the representatives to represent the workforce as well as engage in prolific consultation with the non-unionised workforce to determine their needs and grievances. The distinct roles played by non-union representatives could validate their effectiveness in alleviating the issues raised in this case in the following manner (Blain, 2017). Roles Of Representatives The roles of representatives in ensuring ongoing consultation, employee safety and disciplinary matters as well as individual grievances pertaining to the non-unionised workforce can be observed profoundly in various practical examples. The involvement of consultation representatives is associated with the objectives of providing a channel of communication between the workforce and employers (Cooke, 2014). The capabilities of representatives to address consultation meetings for onsite contexts as well as with the higher levels of management could be helpful for explicit communication of employee issues to the senior management thereby limiting the setbacks occurring in the employment relations framework of 7 Eleven Stores. Consultation representatives could establish viable platforms for transparency of company information and sharing alongside the evaluation of alternatives for strategic change (Webster, 2015). The representatives have to be employed by the non-unionised employees in order to address the limitations on authority of representatives employed by the organization management (Cox, 2015). The activities of the representatives are also responsible for outcomes such as agreement and negotiation with the respective management in order to induce reforms in the design and operational rules pertaining to payroll and benefits. Representatives for specific issues such as collective redundancy representatives and TUPE (Transfer of Undertakings) representatives should also be appointed for representing the issues faced by the non-unionised workforce at 7 Eleven Stores (Darlington Dobson, 2013). Non-union representatives would also account for presenting the issues of the employees before industrial tribunes and external appeal bodies. The mediation of non-union representatives is observed as a significant contributor to the resolution of major conflicts observed in case of non-unionised workforce such as violation of rights and exemption from benefits (Ellem, 2015). The issues of non-payment of overtime expenses for employees and discrimination for foreign students working in the stores on the basis of language and culture could be communicated effectively before external supervising authorities. The role of representatives in context of cases pertaining to disciplinary action and grievances is subject to higher degree of responsibility since they have to ensure that the communication with workers is executed in a confidential space (Wang Cooke, 2017). This would enable the non-union representatives to access an unbiased interpretation of the issues pertaining to the specific case thereby ensuring adequate support for representation of the workers. Furthermore, it is essential to observe that the provision of adequate facilities and training support for the non-union representatives would lead to the development of promising competences among representatives to act as professional mediators (Wilkinson Barry, 2016). The effect of non-union representation could also be observed in the access to legal information for employees that are not involved in a union (Evetts, 2014). The issues identified from the inquiry report on the case of 7 Eleven stores refer to the requirement of legal assistance by employees to question the payroll framework adopted by the organization and the provision of benefits (Hassel, 2017). The use of non-union representation in this case would enable employees to access legal support from representatives rather than relying on external assistance (Lansbury, 2016). The outcomes of non union representation could also be identified in the improvement of employee productivity with profound references the improvement of the mediating competences of non-union representatives. The establishment of a prolific channel of dialogue could enable non unionised employees to voice their concerns alongside the unionised workers (Lonard, et al., 2016). Reforms in Collective Bargaining Structures: Collective bargaining can be defined as the process undertaken to frame decision and the process involves two different parties that reflect on the interests of employees and employer. The aspects of collective bargaining are feasibly realized only on the basis of negotiation and consistent application of precedents that are validated for governance of the employment relations within an organization (Soulsby, Hollinshead Steger, 2017). The primary objective of collective bargaining is identified in the establishment of rules upon mutual consent and the resolution of conflicts arising in context of the terms and conditions of employment. Since the retail industry has faced substantial transformation in the recent years as observed in the increment as well as diversification of the waged employment base (Liu Li, 2014). Therefore, the implications of collective bargaining should be reformed by changes in the bargaining structures of retail industry. The prominent issue to be addressed through reforms in the bargaining structure is identified in the wage setting frameworks of retail sector in Australia (Yamada, 2015). The specification of minimum wage is not enforced in major cases which have been complicated further by the changes introduced in structure of employment and working conditions following the economic crisis of 2009. The resistance of organizations to social dialogue as well as the instances of large companies withdrawing from collective agreements tend to invoke reforms in the bargaining structure in the retail sector (Marcuse, 2013). The measures that should be applied in case of Australias retail sector include the extension of collective bargaining privileges to workers from foreign jurisdictions and part time workers in retail stores. Company level agreements citing employment conditions should be provided to all types of workers including non-unionised worker (Seifert, 2015). The bargaining structure could be arranged in the form of distinct hierarchical levels in order to facilitate a transparent and precise depiction of the potential approach to resolve bargaining conflicts. The lack of representation could be identified as a major setback for the realization of effective outcomes from collective bargaining since non unionised workers are not able to communicate their issues effectively. This factor leads to communication (Poole, 2013). The emphasis on the sectoral bargaining structure would enable the retail sector to focus specifically on the terms of employment relevant to a single industry (Traxler, 1994). The rationale for adopting a sectoral bargaining structure could be identified on the grounds of a wide assortment of bargaining patterns that can be supported. The definition of bargaining precedents could be based on a wider or narrow perspective depending on the various industrial activities (Rainnie, 2016). The aspects of collective bargaining could be further enhanced through sectoral bargaining by ensuring the accommodation for industrial activities conducted on national level as well as in territorial units. This factor would enable franchises employed in the retail sector to voice their concerns pertaining to collective bargaining thereby ensuring the establishment of prolific employment relations infrastructure in the Australian retail sector. The effectiveness of bargaining structures should also be reviewed from the perspective of the level of coordination and integration between the different levels of bargaining in order to prevent interferences among the respective purposes of each level (Rye, 2017). Conclusion: The report presented an impression of the plausible solutions that could be introduced in the case of 7 Eleven retail stores for addressing their concerns for non-union representation. The other significant highlight of the assessment is the description of reforms that can be introduced in the bargaining structures in retail sector of Australia. References Ackers, P. (2016). Symposium: The Oxford School of Industrial Relations: Fifty Years after the 19651968 Donovan Commission: Introduction: Who Were the Oxford School and Why Did They Matter?.Historical Studies in Industrial Relations, (37), 201-207. Addison, J. T. (2015). Holding the shop together: German industrial relations in the postwar era.Labor History,56(3), 370-374. Belizn, M. J., Gunnigle, P., Morley, M. J., Lavelle, J. (2014). Subsidiary autonomy over industrial relations in Ireland and Spain.European Journal of Industrial Relations,20(3), 237-254. Blain, A. N. J. 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